Occupational asthma

It can be difficult to pinpoint that work is the problem, as symptoms may come on gradually and some time after starting in a new place, while your immune system becomes sensitized.

You may notice you have a runny nose or itchy red eyes first – these may be occupational rhinitis and occupational conjunctivitis and can appear before you get breathing problems to indicate occupational asthma.

Keeping a diary can help. You may identify that asthma is worse on the days at work and the following night and better on weekends and holidays.

You may have suffered childhood asthma or other atopic conditions, such as eczema, food allergies, or hay fever.

Untreated asthma has four key symptoms:

• chest tightness
• feeling short of breath
• a cough
• a wheeze (a high-pitched sound when you breathe out)

If you suffer from any of these, this suggests asthma.

Any profession where you breathe in dust, fumes, vapors, or gasses can cause asthma. Bakers can be sensitized to flour and grain dust, wood dust may prompt timber workers or carpenters, animal dander can set off those handling animals, and those working with spray paint may be exposed to isocyanates, solderers and welders can be exposed to colophony, and frontline healthcare workers can be allergic to latex. Exposure to smoking was more of a problem prior to the ban in indoor restaurants and pubs.

The Occupational and Safety Health Administration (OSHA) website has some tips for how to minimize exposure to substances for each profession if you have asthma.

Your doctor is your first port of call – they will discuss your symptoms and examine your vital signs and your chest. They may suggest lung function tests, where either they or the practice nurse assesses how well you breathe out, or they may suggest taking a series of peak flow readings with a special device and recording your symptoms, alongside a trial of an inhaler.

Your employer may have access to an occupational health physician, who will be able to assess you and consider potential allergens or irritants causing your asthma. Alternatively, your doctor can refer you to a respiratory physician.

While asthma treatment can help symptoms, ultimately, the most important thing is to avoid exposure to the trigger – this may be via avoidance of particular areas, procedures, or via personal protective equipment.

Avoiding exposure usually helps control your asthma, although you may need to continue treatment for some time afterward for symptoms to subside.

It is your right to feel safe and protected at work. You are legally protected against discrimination for a health condition. Hopefully, you can work with your employer and possibly an occupational health service and trade union, if you have one, to reduce exposure and improve your health.

Understandably, this may cause great anxiety, and the threat of job loss can make it tempting to mask symptoms so that you keep your job, but asthma can be a life-threatening condition. Ultimately, if alterations can’t be made to your job, you may have to find another role either within the same organization or outside of it.