Can teething cause fever in babies?

Teething can manifest in several ways, and it’s important to note that every baby's experience can be different. Some babies may breeze through teething with minimal discomfort, while others may show a range of symptoms.

1. Increased Drooling - Teething can cause more saliva production, leading to drool-soaked bibs and clothing.

2. Mild Temperature Increase - Some babies may slightly increase body temperature during teething, but it's not a fever and should not be a cause for concern.

3. Gum Irritation and Swelling - The pressure of emerging teeth can cause swollen, tender, and red gums.

4. Chewing and Biting - Babies often chew on objects to ease the discomfort of teething.

5. Irritability - Teething can make babies fussier than usual, leading to increased crying and trouble sleeping.

6. Lack of Appetite - Teething can make babies reluctant to eat, but this is usually temporary and should improve once the tooth has emerged.

Fever in babies is a common concern for parents and can be caused by various factors. Although many parents believe that teething can cause a significant fever, medical professionals generally agree that teething does not cause high fevers. The slight increase in temperature that some babies experience during teething is not usually classified as a fever and should not be a cause for alarm. It’s important to understand what constitutes a fever and the typical causes that might lead to one, separate from teething.

1. Infections

The most common cause of fever in infants is an infection. This can be viral, such as a cold or flu, or bacterial, such as an ear infection or urinary tract infection (UTI). Infections trigger the body’s immune response, raising the body temperature as it fights off the illness.

2. Vaccinations

After receiving certain vaccinations, it’s not uncommon for babies to develop a mild fever as their immune system responds to the vaccine. This is usually short-lived and not a cause for concern, but it’s something parents should be aware of. Common vaccines include the Measles, Mumps & Rubella (MMR), BCG or TB vaccines in children.

3. Overheating

Babies can sometimes develop a fever if they are dressed too warmly or are in a hot environment. Their bodies are less efficient at regulating temperature, making them more susceptible to overheating. Ensuring that babies are dressed appropriately for the weather and that their sleeping environment is cool and comfortable can help prevent this.

4. Viral Infections

Viral infections like the common cold or flu are frequent causes of fever in babies. Symptoms often include congestion, a runny nose, cough, and general discomfort. These symptoms, combined with a fever, suggest that a viral infection is the cause rather than teething. Roseola is a common viral illness in babies and young children that causes a sudden high fever, often above 39°C. After the fever breaks, a rash typically develops. This illness is sometimes confused with teething because it often affects babies around the same age.

5. Gastrointestinal Infections

Gastrointestinal infections can lead to fever, vomiting, and diarrhoea. These symptoms are not related to teething, although the timing may overlap. Gastroenteritis is often caused by viruses like rotavirus and requires careful management to prevent dehydration.

Can Teething Cause a Fever?

One of parents' most frequently asked questions is whether teething can cause a fever in babies. There’s a common belief that a fever is a normal part of the process when a baby is teething. However, medical experts agree that teething alone does not cause an actual fever.

Mild Temperature Increases vs. Fever

It’s not unusual for a baby to have a slight rise in body temperature while teething. This mild increase, often around 37.2°C to 37.8°C, can be due to the inflammation in the gums as the teeth push through. This is a low-grade response and is typically short-lived, resolving once the tooth emerges. A fever is generally defined as a body temperature of 38°C or higher. This temperature elevation level usually indicates an infection or illness, not teething. It’s essential to distinguish between the minor warmth of a teething baby and a fever that may require medical attention.

Why Teething Might Seem to Cause a Fever

Babies usually begin teething around the time they become more exposed to common illnesses. Around six months of age, infants start to lose some of the passive immunity they receive from their mothers, making them more susceptible to infections. As teething and the onset of illnesses like colds often coincide, it can be easy to attribute a fever to teething mistakenly. Babies tend to put everything in their mouths during teething to soothe their gums. This habit increases their exposure to germs, leading to infections and, subsequently, a fever. Parents might notice that a fever develops around the same time as teething, but in reality, the fever is likely due to an infection the baby contracted while exploring with their mouth.

It’s essential to monitor the symptoms that accompany a fever to determine whether it’s related to an underlying illness rather than teething:

• A fever above 38°C in babies under 3 months old or 39°C or higher in older infants should prompt a call to the doctor. This is particularly important if the fever persists for more than a day or two.

• If the fever is accompanied by severe symptoms such as difficulty breathing, lethargy, persistent vomiting, or a rash, seek medical advice immediately. These signs could indicate a more serious condition.

• Pay attention to changes in your baby’s behaviour. If they are unusually sleepy, irritable, or inconsolable, it’s important to consult a healthcare provider to rule out any serious illness.

When your baby develops a fever, the primary goal is to ensure their comfort and manage it effectively. Here are practical steps to help your baby feel better:

1. Keep Them Hydrated

   • Ensure your baby stays well-hydrated. Depending on their age, offer frequent small sips of fluids, such as water or diluted juice. Breastfeeding or formula feeding should continue as usual, as it provides necessary hydration and nutrients.

   • Watch for signs of dehydration, such as fewer wet diapers, a dry mouth, or dark yellow urine. If you notice these signs, increase fluid intake and consult a healthcare provider if necessary.

2. Dress Comfortably

   • Dress your baby in lightweight, breathable clothing. Overdressing can trap heat and raise the body temperature further. Ensure their sleeping environment is cool and well-ventilated.

   • Use a light blanket or sleep sack if needed, but avoid heavy quilts or multiple layers of clothing.

3. Use Pain Relief

   • Paracetamol (Calpol) - For babies older than 2 months (post-vaccination) or 3 months plus (for general care), paracetamol can be used to help reduce fever and relieve discomfort. Always use the dosage recommended for your baby's age and weight, and avoid exceeding the maximum daily dose.

   • Ibuprofen - For babies over 6 months old, ibuprofen (Nurofen for Children) can also be used to reduce fever and inflammation. Like paracetamol, follow dosage instructions carefully and consult a healthcare provider if unsure.

   • Oral gel - Bonjela teething gel or Anbesol (gel & liquid) are alternatives to help with teething pain.

4. Comfort Measures

   • You can use a lukewarm sponge bath to help lower the baby’s body temperature. Avoid cold baths or ice packs, as these can be too harsh and might cause shivering, which could increase body temperature.

   • Provide comfort through cuddling, rocking, or reading a book. Creating a soothing environment can help ease your baby’s discomfort and promote better sleep.

When to Seek Medical Help About Your Babies Fever

Knowing when to seek professional medical advice is crucial for addressing potential health issues. Here’s a guide on when to consult your local healthcare provider:

• Young Infants - If your baby is under three months old and has a fever of 38°C (100.4°F) or higher, seek immediate medical attention. Newborns and young infants have delicate immune systems, and a fever can indicate a severe condition.

• Persistent Fever - If a fever lasts more than 48 hours or repeatedly returns after appearing to improve, it’s essential to consult a healthcare provider to determine the underlying cause.

• Difficulty Breathing - If your baby shows signs of respiratory distress, such as rapid or laboured breathing, or if they are making unusual noises while breathing, seek medical help right away.

• Unresponsiveness - If your baby is unusually sluggish, difficult to wake, or not responding normally, contact a healthcare provider immediately.

• Rashes or Spots - If a rash or spots appear along with a fever, especially if they seem to be spreading or changing in appearance, seek medical advice. This could indicate a more severe infection or illness.

• Dehydration - If you notice signs of dehydration despite efforts to increase fluid intake, such as a parched mouth, significantly fewer wet diapers, or sunken eyes, consult a healthcare provider.

• Underlying Conditions - If your baby has any existing health conditions or is on medication that could affect their response to a fever, discuss these concerns with your healthcare provider.