Teething: Signs and Symptoms, and How to Help

Teething typically starts around 6 months of age. Most people start to worry once their baby hits 3 months, and occasionally babies can start teething as early as 3 months, however often the symptoms are related to other causes. It is important to understand the associated symptoms and how they differentiate depending on the cause. As your baby’s first teeth begin to erupt through their gums, you may notice a range of symptoms that signal the arrival of new teeth. Recognising these signs can help you understand what your baby is experiencing and how to provide appropriate relief.

Common Symptoms of Teething

1. Increased Drooling

   • As teeth begin to push through the gums, it stimulates the salivary glands, leading to excessive drooling. This can start weeks before the teeth actually emerge. Drooling may also cause a rash around the mouth or chin if it is not wiped away regularly.

2. Swollen and Tender Gums

   • One of the most noticeable signs of teething is swollen, red, or tender gums. The areas where teeth are about to come through may feel firm and appear inflamed. This tenderness can cause discomfort for your baby, making them more irritable.

3. Chewing on Objects

   • Babies often chew on toys, fingers, or other objects to help relieve the pressure and discomfort caused by teething. This chewing helps to massage the gums and can provide some relief from the pain.

4. Irritability and Fussiness

   • The discomfort of teething can lead to increased fussiness and irritability. Babies may become more clingy or upset than usual, particularly when trying to sleep or feed. This behavioural change is a normal response to the pain.

5. Difficulty Sleeping

   • Teething pain can disrupt your baby’s sleep patterns. They might wake up more frequently during the night due to gum discomfort. This can affect both their mood and their overall well-being.

Less Common Symptoms of Teething

1. Rashes Around the Mouth

   • Prolonged drooling can cause irritation and rashes around the mouth or chin. While these rashes are not caused by the teeth themselves, the constant moisture can lead to skin irritation.

2. Loss of Appetite

   • Teething can make it uncomfortable for babies to eat, especially if they are already experiencing sore gums. They may refuse to eat or drink as much as usual, which can lead to concerns about their nutrition.

Teething and Diarrhoea

A common concern among parents is the potential link between teething and diarrhoea. It is important to understand that while teething can cause a range of symptoms, diarrhoea is not typically a direct result of teething. However, the increased drooling can sometimes lead to a mild upset stomach or softer stools.

Distinguishing Between Teething and Gastrointestinal Issues

• Teething-related Diarrhoea - If your baby has loose stools, but the symptoms are mild and not accompanied by other signs of illness, it may be due to excess drooling and not teething itself. Teething can cause slight changes in stool consistency, but persistent diarrhoea is usually unrelated to teething.

• Gastrointestinal Issues - If diarrhoea is severe, persistent, or accompanied by other symptoms such as vomiting, fever, or dehydration, it is likely indicative of an illness or infection unrelated to teething. In such cases, consult with a healthcare provider to determine the underlying cause and appropriate treatment.

Monitoring Symptoms

Keeping track of your baby’s symptoms and overall health can help differentiate between teething discomfort and other potential health issues. Maintain a diary of your baby’s symptoms, including the frequency and nature of their bowel movements, to provide useful information if you need to consult a healthcare professional.

Teething can be an uncomfortable experience for babies, but several effective methods can help alleviate their discomfort. In this section, we’ll explore various remedies, including over-the-counter options and natural solutions, to provide relief during this challenging time.

Over-the-Counter Remedies

1. Teething Gels

Teething gels are commonly used to numb the gums and provide temporary relief from teething pain. These gels typically contain local anaesthetics like benzocaine. Teething gels provide targeted relief to specific areas of the gums. Fast-acting, which can be beneficial for immediate relief during fussy periods.

How to Apply Teething Gels

• Apply a small amount of gel directly to the affected area of the gums using a clean fingertip. The anaesthetic in the gel works by numbing the surface of the gums, which can help reduce pain and discomfort.

• Follow the product’s instructions regarding the frequency of application. Most gels can be used up to 4-6 times a day, but it’s important not to exceed the recommended dose to avoid potential side effects.

Natural Remedies

1. Teething Rings

Teething rings, especially those that can be chilled, are a popular natural remedy. The cold helps to numb the gums and reduce inflammation. Teething rings can provide a safe, chewable object that can help alleviate discomfort.The cooling effect offers additional relief from inflammation.
How to use Teething Rings

• Place the teething ring in the refrigerator (not the freezer) to chill. Allow your baby to chew on the cold ring. The cooling effect soothes the gums and reduces swelling. 

• Offer the teething ring several times throughout the day, as needed. Ensure the ring is cleaned regularly and inspected for wear.

1. Cold Washcloths

Chilling a washcloth is another effective natural remedy. The cold helps to numb the gums and provide soothing relief. Washcloths are simple and inexpensive remedy that provides immediate cooling relief. Also, easy to prepare and use, with minimal risk of adverse effects.
How to use Cold Washcloths

• Wet a clean washcloth and place it in the refrigerator to chill. Allow your baby to chew or suck on the chilled cloth. The cold temperature helps to reduce gum swelling and discomfort.

• Offer the chilled washcloth a few times a day, ensuring it is clean and safe for chewing.

While over-the-counter remedies and natural solutions can be highly effective, it’s important to use them as part of a broader approach to managing teething discomfort. If symptoms persist or if you have concerns about your baby’s health, consult your pharmacist or doctor. They can offer guidance on the best treatment options and ensure that there are no underlying issues.

While many teething remedies can provide relief, it is essential to use them safely to ensure your baby's well-being. Here are some critical safety considerations when using both over-the-counter products and natural remedies:

1. Adhering to Dosage Instructions

   • Over-the-Counter Product - Always follow the dosage instructions provided with teething gels, liquids, and tablets. Overuse of products like Anbesol Liquid or Gel can lead to potential side effects, including allergic reactions or irritation. For instance, benzocaine-containing products should be used sparingly to avoid complications such as methemoglobinemia, a condition that affects blood oxygen levels.

   • Natural Remedies - Even natural remedies should be used in moderation. For example, while chamomile tea is generally safe, excessive use can lead to digestive upset. Always ensure any natural remedy is age-appropriate and used in recommended quantities.

2. Checking Age Recommendations

   • Teething Gels - Ensure that the products you choose are suitable for your baby’s age. Some teething gels and tablets are formulated for specific age ranges, and using them outside these guidelines can be ineffective or potentially harmful.

   • Teething Rings - Verify that teething rings and other products are designed for your baby’s developmental stage. Ensure they are free from small parts that could pose a choking hazard.

3. Avoiding Potential Hazards

   • Teething Rings - Inspect teething rings regularly for any signs of damage. A cracked or broken teething ring can pose a choking hazard or cause injury. Replace any damaged items immediately.

   • Frozen Items - Do not freeze teething rings or washcloths, as extreme cold can make them too hard and potentially harmful to your baby’s delicate gums. Only chill items in the refrigerator.

4. Consulting Healthcare Providers

   • Persistent Symptoms - If your baby’s teething symptoms persist despite using remedies, or if you have concerns about their health, consult a healthcare provider. Persistent discomfort, unusual symptoms, or signs of infection should be evaluated by a professional.

   • Underlying Health Conditions - If your baby has any underlying health conditions or is on medication, discuss with your healthcare provider before introducing new teething remedies to avoid potential interactions.

• Soothing Environment: Creating a calming environment with soft music or white noise can help soothe your baby and make teething discomfort more manageable.

Managing teething discomfort requires careful consideration of safety and effectiveness. By adhering to dosage instructions, choosing age-appropriate products, and consulting healthcare providers when necessary, you can ensure safe and effective relief for your baby. Exploring alternative remedies and comfort measures can offer additional support and alleviate teething pain. With these strategies in place, you can help your baby navigate the teething process with greater ease and comfort.