Activated Charcoal: Uses, Mechanism and Side Effects

Activated charcoal is suitable for individuals of all ages because it isn’t absorbed into the body. Instead, it works in the digestive system, passing through without entering the bloodstream. However, dosing varies by age and weight

• Adults and Teens: standard dosing typically aligns with the quantity and type of poison ingested.
• Children under 12: require lower doses to match their smaller body weight and stomach capacity.

While effective for ingested poisons, activated charcoal doesn’t work for toxins absorbed through the skin, inhaled chemicals, or injected substances. Always consult medical professionals promptly when poisoning is suspected.

The secret lies in its porous structure. Activated charcoal undergoes a special treatment process that creates millions of tiny holes, increasing its surface area and enhancing its adsorption properties. This means that toxins and drugs chemically bind to its surface, becoming trapped within the charcoal particles.

When ingested, activated charcoal remains in the gastrointestinal tract and prevents the body from absorbing harmful substances by limiting their transition from the stomach into the intestines. The sooner it’s administered, the more effective it is, as absorption by the intestines begins shortly after ingestion. However, in cases of sustained-release medications or exceptionally high doses, repeated doses of activated charcoal may be warranted to maximize its toxin-trapping ability.

Despite its wide safety margin, there are scenarios where activated charcoal should not be used:

• Corrosive poisons - Substances like strong acids or alkalis can damage the stomach lining, and activated charcoal offers little protection.
• Intestinal obstruction - If there is an existing blockage, activated charcoal can worsen the condition.
• Prior to diagnostic procedures - It may interfere with the visibility of the stomach during an endoscopic examination.

Additionally, patients must avoid delaying medical treatment while attempting to use activated charcoal at home. Its use should complement, not replace, urgent medical care.

As with any medication, some people are bound to get some unwanted side effects. Some of the common ones include constipation, diarrhea, and headaches. Activated charcoal will turn your stool black, however, this is not harmful.